안다 is holding someone in your arms. The verb in front intensifies it: 감싸 안다 is wrapping them up, 부둥켜 안다 is two people clinging tightly to each other, 보듬어 안다 is holding someone gently to comfort them. 떠안다 is a different matter — taking on a burden, which is what the line about institutions absorbing losses means.