고 일어서다

…and then stand up

"-고" chains an action or a state to 일어서다, "get to your feet". Some lines are literal staging: everyone stands facing each other's backs, he got up leaving his passport and money behind. More are about the manner of standing up as a sign of resolve or exasperation — 이 악물고 일어서다 gritting your teeth and getting up, 못 참고 일어선 unable to take it and standing up, 주먹 쥐고 일어서 clenching your fist and standing (also a film title used here). 딛고 일어서다 is the figurative "get back up from" something.